Clerodendrum viscosum (C. viscosum), hill glory bower, locally known as bhant, has a rich ethno-medicinal history across tropical and subtropical regions. It has been widely studied for its diverse bioactive phytochemicals and their potential in cancer therapy. This review consolidates current research on C. viscosum, encompassing its phytochemical composition, antioxidant properties, and anticancer mechanisms documented globally. We comprehensively searched various scholarly databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The plant exhibits a range of secondary metabolites, including phenolics, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, tannins, quercetin, saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and steroids. These compounds demonstrate antioxidant properties by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Notably, gallic acid, tannic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin contribute to antioxidant efficacy. Several phytochemicals, such as flavonoids and phenolic compounds, show anticancer activities by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and causing cell cycle arrest. For example, apigenin and acacetin, identified from C. viscosum, exhibited remarkable anticancer effects, including ROS generation, apoptosis initiation, and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest. Also, extracts from different parts of the plant demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against various cancer cells, emphasizing their potential as natural anticancer agents. Therefore, this study could provide summative information regarding the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of C. viscosum as a natural source of various active chemicals. However, further research is warranted to explore the therapeutic applications of these plant-derived compounds in cancer treatment.