A solid number of studies identify Lithuania as a country with huge health inequalities. Significant mortality inequalities are found for all socio-economic variables. Both among males and females the most considerable inequalities are observed for the occupation, with rate ratio reaching 3.4 in males and 2.8 in females, as well as economic activity status (males, 2.7; females, 3.1). Considerable disparities are registered by the level of education and urban/rural place of residence. Life expectancy of urban males exceeded that of those in rural areas by 2 years in males and 1.8 years in females in 2015. Risk differences were increasing with the increase in overall mortality of the Lithuanian population during 2005–2007, while a decline in inequalities was observed in later years.