Expansion of Research on Transfer, Persistence, Prevalence, and Recovery of DNA

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Oefelein_Rachel_Final Thesis.pdf
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Cresswell, Sarah L

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Matheson, Carney

Masibay, Arni

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2024-11-27
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Abstract

Forensic DNA testing has become an expected standard in criminal investigations. The field of forensic DNA has rapidly progressed over the last thirty years to where we are today. Forensic DNA testing and analysis is now so sensitive that investigators, the courts, and the public are less interested in whose DNA might be on an item of evidence but rather, how did that DNA get there? Evaluative reporting consists of any type of reporting that provides an unbiased evaluation of the evidence at hand. In forensic DNA, evaluations are typically done through an analysis resulting in a likelihood ratio. Evaluative reporting can be particularly useful when there are questions, or proposed hypotheses on the activity level. Modes of transfer such as direct, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary are often offered as an alternative explanation for the presence of DNA. Evaluative reporting has already been implemented in Europe and sporadically in other international countries but has yet to become a standard practice or routinely used method of reporting. Impediments to larger scale evaluative reporting include a lack of peer-reviewed published research in real-world scenarios that would be applicable to criminal casework, lack of research studies in specific types of criminal casework, hesitancy in the forensic community due to lack of research and limited implementation, and a lack of guidelines and standards outside of Europe. This research sought to document what research already exists that can be used for evaluative reporting, identify gaps in the data, and expand on the existing studies to facilitate adaptation and implementation in countries that have not yet taken advantage of evaluative reporting as a tool in DNA analysis. The studies described in this work specifically expand upon gaps in literature pertaining to items in the home, firearms, and evidence routinely encountered in alleged sexual assault offenses. The data showed clear trends for expected baselines of DNA to be observed for routine handlers, brief handlers, intimate owners, and unknowns across a variety of items and scenarios. This research has advanced the capabilities for the field of evaluative reporting in forensic DNA analysis.

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Thesis (PhD Doctorate)

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Doctor of Philosophy

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School of Environment and Sc

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The author owns the copyright in this thesis, unless stated otherwise.

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evaluative reporting

DNA

forensic testing

transfer

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