Nonlocality activation in a photonic quantum network

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Villegas-Aguilar, L
Polino, E
Ghafari, F
Quintino, MT
Laverick, KT
Berkman, IR
Rogge, S
Shalm, LK
Tischler, N
Cavalcanti, EG
Slussarenko, S
Pryde, GJ
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2024
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Abstract

Bell nonlocality refers to correlations between two distant, entangled particles that challenge classical notions of local causality. Beyond its foundational significance, nonlocality is crucial for device-independent technologies like quantum key distribution and randomness generation. Nonlocality quickly deteriorates in the presence of noise, and restoring nonlocal correlations requires additional resources. These often come in the form of many instances of the input state and joint measurements, incurring a significant resource overhead. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that single copies of Bell-local states, incapable of violating any standard Bell inequality, can give rise to nonlocality after being embedded into a quantum network of multiple parties. We subject the initial entangled state to a quantum channel that broadcasts part of the state to two independent receivers and certify the nonlocality in the resulting network by violating a tailored Bell-like inequality. We obtain these results without making any assumptions about the prepared states, the quantum channel, or the validity of quantum theory. Our findings have fundamental implications for nonlocality and enable the practical use of nonlocal correlations in real-world applications, even in scenarios dominated by noise.

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Nature Communications

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15

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© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quantum physics

Particle physics

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Villegas-Aguilar, L; Polino, E; Ghafari, F; Quintino, MT; Laverick, KT; Berkman, IR; Rogge, S; Shalm, LK; Tischler, N; Cavalcanti, EG; Slussarenko, S; Pryde, GJ, Nonlocality activation in a photonic quantum network, Nature Communications, 2024, 15, pp. 3112

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