This chapter investigates the operational risk management and practices of Islamic and conventional banks in Saudi Arabia. Authors employ a sample of four Islamic and eight conventional banks and data gathered through a novel questionnaire administered to senior officers and managers carrying out risk management activity across five aspects of operational risk management: (i) understanding risk, (ii) risk management, (iii) risk assessment analysis, (iv) risk identification, and (v) risk monitoring. The results demonstrate that all of these play an important role in determining the quality of operational risk management. However, risk assessment analysis and risk monitoring are the most influential in determining the overall quality of operational risk management in both conventional and Islamic banks. Overall, conventional banks in Saudi Arabia are better than Islamic banks at operational risk management practices, suggesting the need for careful planning and strategizing, sound recruiting and training policies, and prudent monitoring of capital adequacy by regulators.