In this chapter, we describe a program of critical health promotion research which is underpinned by critical theory, critical systems theory, and critical systems heuristics. Critical health promotion is focused on social change, challenging oppressive systems, power structures, and dominant discourses that contribute to health inequities. It is underpinned by explicit values and principles articulated in seminal health promotion charters and declarations. The objective of our research program is to produce knowledge on the application of critical health promotion processes to address health and well-being priorities. The research program is distinctive of health promotion research due to the purposeful application of critical health promotion values and principles in the design and implementation of research projects across the four stages of the health promotion practice cycle. Our program has contributed to the development of critical competence in health promotion research. The development of the Red Lotus Critical Health Promotion Model, and its use as the theoretical framework for health promotion research projects, provides the field with a heuristic tool to reflect on the alignment of research practice with critical health promotion values and principles.