Boron nutrition and pollination influence fruit set, fruitlet retention, yield and fruit quality in avocado orchards. Rapid nutrient analyses are required to prevent crop-nutrition deficiencies that reduce avocado crop productivity. This thesis described how boron application to avocado trees affects yield and fruit quality, how pollen parentage affects fruitlet retention and fruit quality, and how effectively hyperspectral imaging can be used as a rapid assessment tool to predict avocado crop-nutrient status. Applying boron at recommended rates provided a good yield of high-quality fruit but applying high levels of boron reduced the yield. Cross-pollinated fruitlets were retained selectively by the tree during the period of fruitlet abscission and they grew larger than self-pollinated fruitlets. Consequently, cross-pollinated mature fruit were heavier and had greater diameter than self-pollinated mature fruit. Hyperspectral imaging successfully predicted the concentrations of 12 foliar nutrients, ten of which could be predicted using hyperspectral images of either the top or bottom leaf surface. Monitoring foliar boron concentrations, adjusting boron fertiliser applications, and managing orchards to increase the frequency of cross-pollination are recommended as strategies to increase avocado yield and fruit quality.