This chapter discusses the changing and emerging characteristics of work, work practice and work requirements, and their consequences for vocational education. Changing patterns in work and working life are proposed as comprising: (i) the kind of available; (ii) how individuals participate in work; (iii) what constitutes competence within that work, and (iv) those participating in work. The consequences for vocational education are systemic in terms of the kinds of occupations that need to be developed, variations in and complexity of work requirements, shifts in employer-employee relations, and the demographic shifts in those who will need to be supported by vocational education. The chapter elaborates these patterns of change to work and working life and discusses policy and curriculum practice associated with each. Overall, it argues that, the changes to work make it more demanding, and the frequency of change in work and how work is practised, demands careful, comprehensive and targeted preparation and on-going development. Moreover, with broader participation in the work force and longer working lives, the arrangement for this preparation and ongoing development will need to be targeted, differentiated and sustained.