Designing Tailored Thiosemicarbazones with Bespoke Properties: The Styrene Moiety Imparts Potent Activity, Inhibits Heme Center Oxidation, and Results in a Novel “Stealth Zinc(II) Complex”

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Dharmasivam, Mahendiran
Kaya, Busra
Wijesinghe, Tharushi
Azad, Mahan Gholam
Gonzalvez, Miguel A
Hussaini, Mohammad
Chekmarev, Jason
Bernhardt, Paul
Richardson, Des R
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2023
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Abstract

A novel, potent, and selective antitumor agent, namely (E)-3-phenyl-1-(2-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (PPP44mT), and its analogues were synthesized and characterized and displayed strikingly distinctive properties. This activity was mediated by the inclusion of a styrene moiety, which through steric and electrochemical mechanisms prevented deleterious oxy-myoglobin or oxy-hemoglobin oxidation relative to other potent thiosemicarbazones, i.e., di-2-pyridylketone-4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) or di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT). Structure-activity relationship analysis demonstrated specific tuning of PPP44mT electrochemistry further inhibited oxy-myoglobin or oxy-hemoglobin oxidation. Both PPP44mT and its Cu(II) complexes showed conspicuous almost immediate cytotoxicity against SK-N-MC tumor cells (within 3 h). In contrast, [Zn(PPP44mT)2] demonstrated a pronounced delay in activity, taking 48 h before marked antiproliferative efficacy was apparent. As such, [Zn(PPP44mT)2] was designated as a "stealth Zn(II) complex" that overcomes the near immediate cytotoxicity of PPP44mT or its copper complexes. Upon examination of the suppression of oncogenic signaling, [Zn(PPP44mT)2] was superior at inhibiting cyclin D1 expression compared to DpC or Dp44mT.

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Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

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66

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2

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Subject

Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences

Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry

Organic chemistry

Science & Technology

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Chemistry, Medicinal

Pharmacology & Pharmacy

PYRIDOXAL ISONICOTINOYL HYDRAZONE

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Dharmasivam, M; Kaya, B; Wijesinghe, T; Azad, MG; Gonzalvez, MA; Hussaini, M; Chekmarev, J; Bernhardt, P; Richardson, DR, Designing Tailored Thiosemicarbazones with Bespoke Properties: The Styrene Moiety Imparts Potent Activity, Inhibits Heme Center Oxidation, and Results in a Novel “Stealth Zinc(II) Complex”, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2023, 66 (2), pp. 1426-1453

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