Managing solid waste has been challenging for decades. Multiple sources contribute to the production of metric tons of solid waste. Wastes generated by civilization, urbanization, and industrialization are disposed of annually into the environment. It also lacks proper disposal strategies. The disposal and management of industrial and municipal wastes have been discussed. Solid waste is usually disposed of in an open dump, which requires a large area and releases toxic, hazardous substances into the environment. For several years, significant research has been carried out to find a feasible approach to replace these unsuitable solid waste disposal methods, which can finally be replaced by biotechnological techniques such as composting, biodegradation, and bioremediation. The methodologies mentioned above are discussed briefly in this chapter. Composting is a biotechnological method of organic decomposition of solid waste in a controlled environment by microbes. Bioremediation utilizes living things to remove contaminants from soils, sludges, and groundwater. Moreover, biodegradation considers biological organisms to degrade solid waste. These are biotechnological advances in solid waste disposal.