Almost every major aspect of discussion surrounding the dingo is steeped in controversy. These debates range from its origin and species status, its identity as a native or introduced animal, its effects on the livestock industry, and its ecological role. In the midst of all this debate, perhaps the overarching dichotomy, and the one that may ultimately serve as a signpost for the dingo's future, is whether dingoes should be killed or conserved. Throughout this book there has been a clear sentiment in favour of dingo conservation and, we believe, with very good reason. But no matter which side of a debate you prefer, there is little doubt that the resultant turmoil has left the dingo to face an uncertain future. The purpose of this book has been to summarise the most recent knowledge we have on the dingo, drawn from a wide array of fields of research, and to aid in cultivating informed opinions based on measured discussion of the many controversial and hotly debated topics. In this final chapter we have chosen to emphasise these topics and issues, as they are likely to ultimately decide the fate of the Australian dingo. We also aim to provide a culmination of these discussions and explore what, if anything, might be done to forge a new and sustainable future for the Australian dingo.