Unprecedented Microbial Conversion of Biliverdin into Bilirubin-10-sulfonate
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Vidimce, Josif
Pearson, Andrew G
Matthews, Ben
Wagner, Karl-Heinz
Battle, Andrew R
Sakellaris, Harry
Bulmer, Andrew C
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Abstract
Biliverdin (BV) possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, with previous reports identifying protection against oxidant and inflammatory injury in animal models. Recent reports indicate that intra-duodenal administration of BV results in the formation of an uncharacterised metabolite, which is potently absorbed into the blood and excreted into the bile. This compound may be responsible for protection against inflammatory responses. This study aimed to identify novel, enterally-derived BV metabolites and determine the source of their metabolic transformation. Rat duodena and bacterial cultures of Citrobacter youngae were treated with BV and subsequently analysed via high performance liquid chromatography/high resolution tandem mass spectrometry to identify and characterise metabolites of BV. A highly abundant metabolite was detected in duodenal wash and bacterial culture supernatants with a 663.215 m/z (3 ppm mass accuracy) and a composition of C33N4O9H36S, which conformed to the predicted structure of bilirubin-10-sulfonate (BRS) and possessed a λmax of 440 nm. Bilirubin-10-sulfonate was then synthesized for comparative LCMS/MS analysis and matched with that of the biologically formed BV metabolite. This report confirms the formation of a previously undocumented metabolite of BV in mammals, indicating that a new metabolic pathway likely exists for BV metabolism requiring enteric bacteria, Citrobacter youngae. These data may have important implications with regard to understanding and harnessing the therapeutic efficacy of oral BV administration.
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Scientific Reports
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9
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1
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© The Author(s) 2019. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
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Medical physiology
Science & Technology
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Science & Technology - Other Topics
TETRATHIONATE REDUCTASE
BILIRUBIN DITAURATE
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Shiels, RG; Vidimce, J; Pearson, AG; Matthews, B; Wagner, K-H; Battle, AR; Sakellaris, H; Bulmer, AC, Unprecedented Microbial Conversion of Biliverdin into Bilirubin-10-sulfonate, Scientific Reports, 2019, 9 (1)