In resource-limited settings, cholera remains a major public health concern and outbreaks following natural and human-made disasters underscore the overall global health threat posed by cholera. Vibrio cholerae, mainly serogroup O1, causes around 4 million cholera cases and 143,000 deaths annually in the world whereas in Bangladesh, the annual estimated annual cholera cases are ~300,000 and 4500 deaths. In the early 1990s a new serogroup of Vibrio cholerae, O139, was found to cause large outbreaks but was not being detected in cases since 2015. In cholera-endemic areas, seasonal peaks occur twice a year with further surges occurring during natural disasters, including floods or cyclones and humanitarian crises. All age groups are usually affected by cholera but case fatality is higher in children. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is the major component in the treatment but this measure does not lessen disease occurrence. Vaccination against V. cholerae O1 can protect from the disease and is a vital community health tool for the prevention and control of cholera. The World Health Organization (WHO) approves oral cholera vaccine (OCV) as part of a multisectoral cholera control plan, both in cholera-endemic countries, in epidemic situations, and also in outbreaks. The endorsed WHO-prequalified OCVs are in short supply and also major vaccine producers are stopping supplies. We have conducted clinical trials of two separate locally produced OCVs; one is a formalin-killed whole-cell (WC) vaccine, ‘Cholvax’, and the other a formaldehyde-inactivated single WC strain Hikojima MS1568 vaccine, 'Hillchol’.