While there is recognition worldwide for the need to assess the influence of noise on animals, both in terms of ecological disturbance in the wild, and effects on stress or productivity of domesticated animals, limited research has been undertaken in these fields. The paper presents an overview of this research activity and the contexts in which it has been carried out. Much of the literature deals with the impact of military activities, seismic and other exploration activities, and transport. The paper identifies relevant Australian work in the field and identifies some limitation in current work and avenues for further research.