The LAMA Planner: Guiding Cost-Based Anytime Planning with Landmarks
File version
Author(s)
Westphal, Matthias
Griffith University Author(s)
Primary Supervisor
Other Supervisors
Editor(s)
Date
Size
334597 bytes
File type(s)
application/pdf
Location
License
Abstract
LAMA is a classical planning system based on heuristic forward search. Its core feature is the use of a pseudo-heuristic derived from landmarks, propositional formulas that must be true in every solution of a planning task. LAMA builds on the Fast Downward planning system, using finite-domain rather than binary state variables and multi-heuristic search. The latter is employed to combine the landmark heuristic with a variant of the well-known FF heuristic. Both heuristics are cost-sensitive, focusing on high-quality solutions in the case where actions have non-uniform cost. A weighted A search is used with iteratively decreasing weights, so that the planner continues to search for plans of better quality until the search is terminated. LAMA showed best performance among all planners in the sequential satisficing track of the International Planning Competition 2008. In this paper we present the system in detail and investigate which features of LAMA are crucial for its performance. We present individual results for some of the domains used at the competition, demonstrating good and bad cases for the techniques implemented in LAMA. Overall, we find that using landmarks improves performance, whereas the incorporation of action costs into the heuristic estimators proves not to be beneficial. We show that in some domains a search that ignores cost solves far more problems, raising the question of how to deal with action costs more e ectively in the future. The iterated weighted A search greatly improves results, and shows synergy e ects with the use of landmarks.
Journal Title
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Conference Title
Book Title
Edition
Volume
39
Issue
Thesis Type
Degree Program
School
Publisher link
DOI
Patent number
Funder(s)
Grant identifier(s)
Rights Statement
Rights Statement
© 2010 A I Access Foundation, Inc. The attached file is reproduced here in accordance with the copyright policy of the publisher. Please refer to the journal's website for access to the definitive, published version.
Item Access Status
Note
Access the data
Related item(s)
Subject
Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing not elsewhere classified
Applied Mathematics
Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
Cognitive Sciences