Developing high-performance electrode materials is an urgent requirement for next-generation energy conversion and storage systems. Due to the exceptional features, mesoporous materials have shown great potential to achieve high-performance electrodes with high energy/power density, long lifetime, increased interfacial reaction activity, and enhanced kinetics. In this Essay, applications of mesoporous materials are reviewed in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. The synthesis, structure, and properties of mesoporous materials and their performance in rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and electrolyzers are discussed, providing practical details and enlightening comments on the construction of high-performance mesoporous electrodes. Lastly, the research challenges and perspectives on mesoporous materials for the future development of energy conversion and storage devices are assessed.