Bioremediation of polluted sites is the main consideration in environmental biotechnology. Many different environmental issues have confronted the world in the past few decades, and microorganisms have played a significant role in providing an innovative method to control environmental threats. Microorganisms can survive in all parts of the biosphere due to their metabolic activity. Their diverse nutritional capabilities allow them to be used as bioremediation agents for environmental contaminants. Bioremediation removes waste and other hazardous substances from our environment by degrading, immobilizing, or detoxifying microorganisms. The foremost objective is to transform and degrade pollutants like heavy metals, hydrocarbons, pesticides, oil, dyes, and other toxic contaminants. It is carried out enzymatically by metabolizing, so it plays an essential role in resolving a wide range of environmental issues. The degradation rate is determined by two factors, which are abiotic and biotic conditions. Many different techniques have recently been used to improve microbial degradation. Genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) play a pertinent function in biodegradation applications in groundwater, activated sludge environments, and soil. Because of their high degradative abilities, these products can degrade chemical pollutants.