Melanoma is the deadliest of all skin cancers, causing approximately 1,600 deaths per year. Despite tremendous advances in the clinical management of melanoma in the last decade, melanoma still presents a significant challenge in terms of effective treatment options, making the need for alternative approaches increasingly urgent. In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has gained significant attention as a promising approach for the treatment of various malignancies, including melanoma. However, these approaches have limitations, including severe adverse effects and, in the case of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the development of resistance. A promising approach in cancer immunotherapy involves targeting tumour neoantigens. Neoantigens are mutated proteins or peptides that are presented by tumour cells via Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) molecules to activate anti-tumour T cell responses. Neoantigens are important targets for cancer immunotherapy because they are not expressed in normal cells. As a result, one could expect neoantigen-based immunotherapy to be well tolerated and have negligible side effects. Analysing the HLA-I peptidome is crucial for identifying neoantigens, enabling the development of targeted immunotherapies that can elicit a robust and specific anti-tumour immune response. [...]