Sustainable management of land, soil, and water is important to tackle the growing dual challenges of global food insecurity and environmental degradation. Different regions and countries face these challenges differently, some are more vulnerable than others. Various solutions and response strategies have been developed at a national, regional, and global level to sustainably manage these land, soil, and water. However, the institutional, technical, social, and financial capacities of different regions and countries are different, making it hard to find a set of solutions that would be effective in diverse conditions. There is no comprehensive assessment framework that could be used to test and examine different solution strategies. The project contributes to this gap. This SRA was designed to develop a Comprehensive Framework of Response Assessment (CFRA) for sustainable management of agricultural systems (land, soil, and water) that could be applied to assess different solutions at national, sub-national, and local levels. The main features of the CFRA are its ability for assessing the relative costs, benefits, and effectiveness of different responses; and in identifying the priority and sequence of responses for investment decisions, and in scaling up effective responses. The developed framework and associated analysis contributed to FAO’s State of the World’s Land and Water Resources for Food and Agriculture (SOLAW) 2021 (SOLAW2021). The steps undertaken in the SRA are as follows: 1) Develop a theoretical basis based on a DPSIR framework based on existing literature and expert consultations; 2) Extensive consultations with FAO to understand the effectiveness of responses to various challenges at regional levels; 3) development and augmentation of a global repository of response; 4) comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of different solutions to test the effectiveness of the CFRA. We outline each of these steps below. DPSIR: The DPSIR (drivers, pressures, state, impact, and responses) framework was developed to generate a picture of the state of the land, vegetation cover, water, and soil resources, the direction, and nature of the changes in the use of these resources. In addition to this, it seeks to develop a better understanding of the effectiveness of technical, institutional, and policy responses to mitigate and adapt to land, soil, and water degradation. The DPSIR framework has been used in SOLAW21 to describe the state of the land, water, and soil and to a better understanding of the different technical, institutional, and policy responses that have direct relevance on the informed decision-making processes; enhancing sustainable management of land and water resources; and achieving multiple goals such as food security, climate change resilience and combating land degradation. Consultation: Based on existing literature and expert opinion a preliminary list of drivers, pressures, states, impacts, and responses were prepared. The significance and weight of different drivers, pressures, state and impacts, and their interlinkages with the response categories (DPSIR), have been established for selected regions (e.g., the Asia Pacific, Near East and North Africa, Africa, Latin America, and Caribbean Islands) using high-level expert opinion surveys. Response repository: A synthesis of global databases and literature was carried out for about sixty broad categories of responses refined through the regional consultation process described above. Additional data on response categories or interventions have been collected from existing sources, including the World Overview of Conservation Approaches and Technologies (WOCAT) and published literature, while information on more than eighty DPSIR indicators has been collected from global and regional databases. Prioritization of responses are required at local, sub-national, and local levels to tackle the challenges 􀁸 Integration of macro, meso, and micro data are required to generate useful predictions 􀁸 To learn from the past, we need to keep a record of the failed projects (as well as successful projects). Otherwise, global analyses are often limited by the data availability constraints