Achieving sufficient vaccination coverage against COVID-19 depends on designing vaccine rollout to meet the needs of specific populations. This chapter explores the enabling factors and barriers affecting uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine in Australia. This case study will focus on Australian women aged 30–44 living in rural and regional communities. Examining this population through a social determinants of health lens illuminates important individual and structural factors affecting COVID-19 vaccine uptake, such as health information sources and access to vaccines. This case study holds broader implications for Australia’s ongoing COVID-19 vaccine strategy and offers insights for global populations of young women and those living in rural and regional settings. If applied to policy and practice, these insights offer pathways to higher levels of vaccine uptake and improved public health outcomes for all.