Solar hydrogen hybrid energy systems for off-grid electricity supply: A critical review
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Webb, CJ
Gray, E MacA
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Abstract
Large areas in many countries are populated but have no connection to a national electricity grid. Centralised electricity generating facilities burning fossil fuels have been the norm. Renewable energy resources, especially solar/wind energy, are now penetrating this sector. Long-term energy storage is the universal challenge in providing renewables-based electricity with high availability across the seasons. Here we review and discuss the use of hydrogen as the energy vector by means of which solar/wind energy is transformed, stored and made available as electricity. The dominant system configuration is presently photovoltaic electricity used to electrolyse water to produce hydrogen, which is stored as a pressurised gas or metal-hydride, then retrieved from storage to generate electricity in a fuel cell. We survey the demonstration projects reported in the literature and discuss the need for authoritative system modelling in order to size the system components for minimum cost at a designated availability of supply.
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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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52
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This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. This article bears substantial similarity to a previously published paper: A review on solar-hydrogen/fuel cell hybrid energy systems for stationary applications, A. Yilanci, I. Dincer, H.K. Ozturk, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Volume 35, Issue 3, June 2009, Pages 231-244, 10.1016/j.pecs.2008.07.004. One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not been submitted to nor appeared in another publication elsewhere. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission or review process.).
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Engineering
Electrical energy generation (incl. renewables, excl. photovoltaics)