A Review of Metal Fabricated with Laser- and Powder-Bed Based Additive Manufacturing Techniques: Process, Nomenclature, Materials, Achievable Properties, and its Utilization in the Medical Sector

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Hitzler, Leonhard
Merkel, Markus
Hall, Wayne
Ochsner, Andreas
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2018
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Abstract

Additive manufacturing has multiple advantages over conventional fabricationtechniques, such as the geometrical freedom and, to a great extent, theomission of tooling equipment. Hence, futuristic designs and non-standardtopology-optimized structures can be fabricated without causing noteworthyextra cost, since the geometrical complexity is, exaggeratedly spoken, for free.The manufacturing time and the amount of required raw material are the keycriteria, which determine the expenses. What at first glance appears as anengineer’s dream, introduces its complexity in the description of thematerial’s characteristics and their volatility to the manufacturing conditions.Within this study, the main properties (i.e., surface hardness, tensile, andcompression strength, as well as fracture toughness) and their anisotropicand inhomogeneous nature are addressed. Detailed overviews of the progressto date for aluminum, iron, titanium, cobalt, and nickel based raw materialsare provided. Furthermore, an overview about the state-of-the-art in themedical sector is included, comprising the areas of utilization and severaltrail studies.

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Advanced Engineering Materials

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This publication has been entered into Griffith Research Online as an Advanced Online Version.

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Biomechanical engineering

Flexible manufacturing systems

Materials engineering

Metals and alloy materials

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