This book provides a comprehensive conceptual framework, case studies, workshop processes and designs for academic development programs supported by two key concepts: Participatory Action Learning and Action Research (PALAR) ­– a conceptual integration of action learning and participatory action research – and action leadership. PALAR is conceived as a philosophy, a methodology, a theory of learning and knowledge creation, and as a facilitation process. Action leadership involves collaboration, action, concern and responsibility for others, rather than a position of power and control over them. It is participatory, strategic, ethical and non-hierarchical.