Transport remains an essential concern of Australian urban policy to ensure citizens have access to the goods, services and employment they need in daily life. The essence of transport is the movement of people or goods to and from different locations, and the transport system with all its networks, infrastructure, vehicles, systems and software enables this desired movement (Hutton, 2013: 19). Australian cities have great problems managing transport flows and ensuring access, especially in the suburban heartlands. There are particular difficulties Australian cities face due to their urban structure, the dominance of private motor vehicle travel, and the costs and political issues inherent in the various “solutions” to transport problems. This chapter looks at why Australian cities have transport problems and what planners are doing in response. The chapter begins with a historical look at the growth of Australia’s automobile-oriented cityscapes, the failings of this approach, and how planners have prevaricated in recent decades as to what should be done. It then looks at the struggles over how we should pay for transport, and the issues for both public transport and “active transport” (walking and cycling). The chapter concludes with a look at what changes in technology may mean for Australian cities, and the prospects these changes represent for more progressive transport policy and planning.