This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the most dominant theories that have been widely applied in the organ donation and social change context, as well as presents the main strengths and limitations of these theories. The review included the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT); the Prospect theory (PT); the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA); and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). This review serves to identify the gap of the current literature. This chapter provides a solid theoretical foundation and has initiated further pathways for future researchers who are interested in the fields of organ donation, social marketing and social change literature, as well as cognitive decision-making theory. In particular, the current review also advances social marketing and health care literature evidencing how theories can inform and guide the research.