Climate change is increasingly being recognized as one of the most serious threats to humanity and all other forms of life on Earth. Global climate change has been blamed for changes in seasonal patterns, weather events, temperature ranges, and other related phenomena. Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), like all living members of the biosphere, are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Climate change information on MAPs is increasingly being recognized as one of the challenges to humanity and all other life-forms on Earth. Due to their significance in conventional medical systems and as beneficial plants for the economy, the impact of climate change on MAPs could be particularly devastating. Although it is unclear how climate change may affect MAPs in the future, there are certain potential dangers that merit discussion based on the research that is currently available. The main effects of climate change on medicinal plants are changes in geographical limits, changes in crop yields, and impacts on the production system. The goal of this chapter is to better understand the issue of climate change's impact on the medicinal and aromatic plant sector by understanding its impact on plant phenology (sowing, germination, growth metabolism, flowering, and harvest time), growth parameters, and active constituents of MAPs in order to improve adaptation strategies and management of the MAP sector in the context of climate change for sustainable development.