While forced displacement is not a new phenomenon, in recent years it has become increasingly protracted, reaching unprecedented levels largely due to a confluence of factors. Armed conflicts, persecution, human rights violations and environmental crises are driving millions of people from their homes, creating complex humanitarian challenges. Since 2010, in particular, there has been a significant increase in the number of forcibly displaced groups seeking refuge. According to the Refugee Council of Australia (2023), 89.3 million people were forcibly displaced worldwide in 2021. As a result, a vast number of refugees now reside across international borders in contexts where language, culture and education systems differ greatly from their previous experiences.