The Common Framework of Science Learning Outcomes (Council of Ministers of Education, Canada [CMEC], 1997) is a nationally developed curriculum document generated from the Pan-Canadian Protocol for Collaboration on School Curriculum-an initiative of the CMEC with the intent of harmonization learning goals and science instruction in Canadian schools. This article explores the influence of the Framework on science curriculum and assessment in Canadian schools through document search and analysis as well as informant surveys and interviews. The exploration reveals a pervasive presence of the Framework in both general directions and design elements and in the specific direct use of the document in curriculum development initiatives in the ministries of education throughout Canada. Further, it is evident that the pace of the influence of curricular reform initiatives, such as the Framework, is determined by curriculum development and implementation. A final issue identified is the need for specifics of operational definition for the implementation and evaluation of reform.