Selecting the most appropriate gear ratio in track cycling is integral for optimising performance, given the fixed gear ratio on track bicycles. For the flying 200-m time trial (i.e., f200-m track sprint), a gear ratio that facilitates the production of maximal power output (Pmax) is required. Similarly, during standing start events (i.e., pursuits, team sprint, Kilo), a balance between maximising the power production during the acceleration phase and maintenance phase is necessary. Currently, there is no systematic approach to identify and optimise gear ratios for individual athletes specific to their physiological characteristics, individual events, and environmental conditions. As such, within this thesis we will propose a methodological approach to personalise the optimisation of gear selection. This will be accomplished through the following objectives i) critically reviewing the relationship between muscle fibre typology (ratio of Type I and Type II fibres) and cycling efficiency, ii) investigating the impact of muscle fibre typology on cycling efficiency and track sprint cycling characteristics, iii) exploring the validity and agreement of field and laboratory-derived torque-cadence and power-cadence profiles, iv) investigating the effect of cadence on fatigue during maximal sprint cycling, and v) proposing a novel application of these findings to a physics-based model of track sprint cycling to identify individualised optimal gear ratios. [...]