Purpose: We sought to determine whether conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (UVAF), a biomarker of outdoor light exposure, is associated with myopia. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on Norfolk Island and recruited individuals aged =15 years. Participants completed a sun-exposure questionnaire and underwent non-cycloplegic autorefraction. Conjunctival UVAF used a specially adapted electronic flash system fitted with UVtransmission filters (transmittance range 300 to 400 nm, peak 365 nm) as the excitation source. Temporal and nasal conjunctival UVAF was measured in both eyes using computerized photographic analysis with the sum referred to as "total UVAF." Results: In 636 participants, prevalence of myopia decreased with increasing quartile of total UVAF (Ptrend=0.002). Median total UVAF was lower in subjects with myopia (SE=-1.0D) than participants without myopia, 16.6mm2 vs 28.6mm2, P=0.001. In the multivariable model that adjusted for age, sex, smoking, cataract, height and weight, UVAF was independently associated with myopia(SE=-1.0D): OR for "total UVAF" (per 10mm2) was 0.81, 95% CI 0.69- 0.94, P=0.007. UVAF was also significantly associated with myopia when analysis was restricted to subjects < 50 years, and in moderate-severe myopia (SE=-3.0D). Prevalence of myopia decreased with increasing time outdoors (Ptrend=0.03), but time outdoors was not associated with myopia on multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We identified a protective association between increasing UVAF and myopia. The protective association of higher UVAF against myopia was stronger than that of increased levels of time spent outdoors as measured by our questionnaire. Future study should investigate the association between UVAF and incident myopia, and its relationship to myopic progression.