Background: Chronic kidney disease is a serious health condition and is increasing globally. Effective self-management could slow disease progression and improve health outcomes, although the contribution of health literacy and knowledge for self-management is not well known. Aim: To investigate the recent evidence of health literacy and the relationship between health literacy, knowledge and self-management of chronic kidney disease. Methods: Arksey and O'Malley's framework informed this scoping review. Eligible studies involving adults with any grade of chronic kidney disease, measuring all dimensions of health literacy (i.e., functional, communicative, and critical), disease-specific knowledge and self-management, published in English between January 2005 and March 2020, were included. Results: The scoping review found 12 eligible studies, with 11 assessing all dimensions of health literacy. No study examined health literacy, knowledge and self-management. When individuals had greater health literacy, this was associated with greater knowledge about the disease. Communicative health literacy was a significant predictor of medication, diet and fluid adherence, and overall self-management behaviours. Conclusion: This scoping review shows that disease-specific knowledge is important for health literacy and that health literacy is essential for effective self-management of chronic kidney disease. The implications of these relationships can inform strategies for the development of evidence-based patient education to support increased self-management. There is also a need for further research to explore these associations.