Two-Speed Deep-Learning Ensemble for Classification of Incremental Land-Cover Satellite Image Patches

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Horry, Michael James
Chakraborty, Subrata
Pradhan, Biswajeet
Shulka, Nagesh
Almazroui, Mansour
Griffith University Author(s)
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2023
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Abstract

High-velocity data streams present a challenge to deep learning-based computer vision models due to the resources needed to retrain for new incremental data. This study presents a novel staggered training approach using an ensemble model comprising the following: (i) a resource-intensive high-accuracy vision transformer; and (ii) a fast training, but less accurate, low parameter-count convolutional neural network. The vision transformer provides a scalable and accurate base model. A convolutional neural network (CNN) quickly incorporates new data into the ensemble model. Incremental data are simulated by dividing the very large So2Sat LCZ42 satellite image dataset into four intervals. The CNN is trained every interval and the vision transformer trained every half interval. We call this combination of a complementary ensemble with staggered training a “two-speed” network. The novelty of this approach is in the use of a staggered training schedule that allows the ensemble model to efficiently incorporate new data by retraining the high-speed CNN in advance of the resource-intensive vision transformer, thereby allowing for stable continuous improvement of the ensemble. Additionally, the ensemble models for each data increment out-perform each of the component models, with best accuracy of 65% against a holdout test partition of the RGB version of the So2Sat dataset.

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Earth Systems and Environment

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7

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2

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© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Satellite communications

Geospatial information systems and geospatial data modelling

Science & Technology

Life Sciences & Biomedicine

Physical Sciences

Environmental Sciences

Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

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Horry, MJ; Chakraborty, S; Pradhan, B; Shulka, N; Almazroui, M, Two-Speed Deep-Learning Ensemble for Classification of Incremental Land-Cover Satellite Image Patches, Earth Systems and Environment, 2023, 7 (2), pp. 525-540

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